The formulation consisted of 1mm particles of defatted corn germ dcg containing 107 conidiag. Spodoptera frugiperda atau fall army worm faw termasuk ke dalam family noctuidae lepidoptera faw merupakan native species dari amerika menimbulkan kerusakan dan kehilangan hasil pada tanaman jagung 40% di honduras wyckhuys dan oneil. The ability of this insect to adapt to its chemical environment might be explained by the action of major detoxification. The faw was first detected on the african continent in 2016 5,6,7, in western and central african countries. Background the invasive fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda j. Susceptibility of the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda. Diversity of fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda and. Fall armyworm faw, spodoptera frugiperda, is a dangerous transboundary insect with a high potential to spread rapidly due to its natural distribution capacity and opportunities presented by international trade. The brown background color is variable from grayish brown to rust brown. Spdoptera frugiperda fall army worm taxonomy first described in 1797 as.
Fall armyworm faw spodoptera frugiperda was first reported to be present in africa in 2016. Presence of multiple generations and the ability to migrate and feed. The fall armyworm faw, spodoptera frugiperda, is a major pest of maize in north and south america. Larvae feed on aboveground plant parts, causing a skeletonized.
Fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm is most common in the southern and midwestern areas of the united states, though they can also be found in the northeast. The spread of the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda in. The fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda has spread and damaged corn in many african and a few asian countries recently. Smith, collected from corn in north florida showed resistance to commonly used insecticides. Glyptapanteles creatonoti, being a well established parasitoid of various noctuids in india and malaysia, was capable of parasitizing s.
Attraction of spodoptera frugiperda larvae to volatiles from herbivoredamaged maize seedlings mark j. The fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda is a prime noctuid pest of maize on the american continents where it has remained confined despite occasional interceptions by european quarantine services in recent years. Transcriptional regulation of a battery of detoxifying and antioxidant genes by nrf2 has been shown to be important for protection against oxidative. Faw has spread across all of subsaharan africa, the near east and asia. Molecular methods to detect spodoptera frugiperda in ghana. Thirtyeight isolates of spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus sfmnpv, collected from infected larvae on pastures, maize, and sorghum plants in three different geographical regions of colombia, were subjected to molecular characterization and were compared with a previously characterized nicaraguan isolate sfnic.
Here we evaluated the effective dominance of resistance based on. Categories have been assigned by the eppo secretariat on the basis of available data at the time of entry. Establishment of a persistent infection of spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus npv in spodoptera frugiperda s. This pest was first recorded in africa in 2016, but detailed information on its distribution. Pdf diversity of fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda. Furthermore, males and females differ strongly in that females have indistinct wing markings. The morphological characters listed here should be sufficient to identify s. A survey was conducted to determine the distribution of faw and its natural enemies and damage severity in. Maize farmers in subsaharan africa recently experienced unusual damage in their farms, attributed to the fall armyworm faw spodoptera frugiperda j. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 nrf2 belongs to the cap n collar basic region leucine zipper cncbzip transcription factor family, and is activated by diverse oxidants, prooxidants, antioxidants, and chemopreventive agents. The fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda is a species in the order lepidoptera and is the larval life stage of a fall armyworm moth. Subsequent reports indicate that it continues to spread severely damaging maize and other crops. Attraction of spodoptera frugiperda larvae to volatiles from.
However, there is limited knowledge of the efficacy of native natural enemies of s. Leaf damage is usually characterized by ragged feeding, and moist sawdustlike frass near the funnel and upper leaves. The term armyworm can refer to several species, often describing the largescale invasive behavior of the species larval stage. Spodoptera frugiperda colony spodoptera frugiperda specimens were obtained from insect colonies and maintained in a laboratory. Given what we know about the pests behavior in the americas and from the early experiences in africa, shared commitments to reduce poverty and hunger as expressed by the sustainable development. Smith a very harmful and polyphagous pest to watch. Spodoptera frugiperda resistance in developing panicles of. They correspond to an evaluation of the biological importance of the host plant for the pest concerned, together with the economic importance of this plant for the eppo region. Spodoptera frugiperda in africa seriously threatens the food and income security of millions of smallholder farmers. Deep feeding in the leaf funnel may destroy the growing points and developing tassels. Based on the native occurrence records and environmental variables, we predicted the potential geographic distribution of. Fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda and black cutworm agrotis. Fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda, is a crop pest native to the americas, which has invaded and spread throughout subsaharan africa within two years.
A survey was conducted to determine the distribution of faw. Fali armyworm larvae usually consume a large amount of foliage and sometimes destroy the growing point of the plant. Soda pdf merge tool allows you to combine two or more documents into a single pdf file for free. The resistance of fall armyworm faw, spodoptera frugiperda, has been characterized to some cry and vip3a proteins of bacillus thuringiensis bt expressed in transgenic maize in brazil. If you are looking for a way to combine two or more pdfs into a single file, try pdfchef for free. The fall armyworm faw, spodoptera frugiperda, threatens maize production in africa. The pest has currently become a new invasive species in west and central africa where outbreaks were recorded for the first time in early 2016. Field observations were made on may 16, 2019 in the district of east and central lampung to identify the attacking spodoptera species, and. Biological control is one of the best options for the sustainable management of the invasive maize pest spodoptera frugiperda in africa. Spodoptera frugiperda laphfrdocuments eppo global database. Follow these steps to quickly combine and arrange documents. General information note on fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda j. Insects free fulltext characterization of the cap n. It spread quickly across the continent, causing extensive damage to crops 3 and.
A granular formulation of nomuraea rileyi farlow samson for. This free online tool allows to combine multiple pdf or image files into a single pdf document. Effective dominance of resistance of spodoptera frugiperda to. The fali armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda is a cosmopolitan pest of the maize crop wiseman et ai. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda j. Strategies for sustainable control of fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda. Assessment of spodoptera frugiperda likelihood of establishment and host plants relevant in surveys 37 furthermore, in order to complete its life cycle, s. Key words fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda, leucania phragmatidicola, pheromone, monitoring. Pdf cytochrome p450s from the fall armyworm spodoptera. First report of the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda. In one study, standardcolored green canopy, yellow funnel, white bucket traps col. Smith is an agriculturally important insect pest and causes significant economic loss due to its resistance to insecticide and high dispersal ability i. How to combine files into a pdf adobe acrobat xi prozelfstudies.
New method for rearing spodoptera frugiperda in laboratory shows that larval cannibalism is not obligatory. Resistance to pyrethroids permethrin, cypermethrin, cyhalothrin, fenvalerate, tralomethrin, bifenthrin, tetramethrin, and fluvalinate ranged from 2 to 216fold. Murphy, roger day3 1 centre for ecology and conservation, exeter university, penryn, cornwall, tr10 9fe, uk 2 cabi, ba. Communitybased fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda. A recent outbreak 2019 of spodoptera species in corn producing areas in the island of sumatra was suspected to be a new invasive species. Spodoptera frugiperda laphfrhost plants eppo global database. These insects prefer bermudagrass, but also feed on fescues, ryegrasses, bentgrasses, and bluegrasses. Details are accurate to the best of our knowledge but irac and. Fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda and black cutworm agrotis ipsilon susceptibility and avoidance to bt maize, and implications for global insect resistance management rachel renee binning iowa state university follow this and additional works at. Smith faw faw spread in india may 2018september 2019 may 2018 july 2018 august 2018 september 2018 october 2018 march 2019 april 2019 may 2019 july 2019 september 2019 november 2018 august 2019 anyone or many reports from a state is represented by coloring the whole state.
Mutational disruption of the abcc2 gene in fall armyworm. The endoparasitoid wasp coccygidium luteum is one of the natural enemies of s. Here we show, for the first time, that larvae of the fall armyworm faw, spodoptera frugiperda lepidoptera, noctuidae, can be successfully reared in a cohortbased manner with virtually no cannibalism. Discussion on the pest risk assessment of spodoptera frugiperda efsaq 201800068 for the eu territory. Within the scope and level of analysis appropriate for pest categorisation, the efsa plant health panel concludes that s. This page was last edited on 22 december 2018, at 17. It was first reported from africa in 2016 and currently established as a major invasive pest of maize. It was shown that the fungus used dcg as a substrate for. Challenges to control lepidopteran pests in a multicrop environment in brazil celso omoto esalq usp celso. The aim of the symposium was to develop a critical perspective on the status of the fight against the spreading of the fall armyworm faw. Noctuidae, female moths respond to herbivoreinduced corn volatiles. Occurrence of heavy infestation by the fall armyworm. Mapping potential distribution of spodoptera frugiperda.
Smith is a polyphagous pest that causes widespread damage particularly to maize and sorghum in africa. General information about spodoptera frugiperda laphfr eppo global database. Discussion group fall armyworm spodopterafrugiperda j. Efsa was asked for a partial risk assessment of spodoptera frugiperda for the territory of the eu focussing on the main pathways for entry, factors affecting establishment, risk reduction options and pest management. A strain of the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda j. They can be grown in the absence of serum, and can be cultured attached or in suspension.
The fall armyworm faw spodoptera frugiperda is a crop pest species that has become global, having spread from its native american distribution to africa and asia since 2016. Smith fall armyworm is a moth native to the tropical and subtropical regions of the american continents luginbill, 1928. Assessment of spodoptera frugiperda likelihood of establishment and host plants relevant in surveys background and assignment spodoptera frugiperda j. Monsanto products are commercialized in accordance with ets product launch. Spodoptera frugiperda is highly polyphagous, thus host data often does not help identification. Pest risk assessment of spodoptera frugiperda for the. As a polyphagous pest, five commodity pathways were examined in detail. Starvationinduced autophagy in spodoptera frugiperda sf9. Faw represents a real threat to food security and livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers. Noctuidae 3 leaf debris and other material to form a cocoon on the soil surface.
Caterpillars tend to enter through the side of the ear. Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus as a. First report of outbreaks of the fall armyworm spodoptera. Milo, sweet corn, and field corn also are important hosts. By dr idrissa maiga, entomologist agrhymet regional centrecilss. This page was last edited on 14 february 2017, at 23. Biology and nutrition of spodoptera frugiperda lepidoptera. Noctuidae, a species native to the tropical and subtropical regions of the americas fig 1. General information note on fall armyworm spodoptera.
Spodoptera littoralisis a destructive pest of subtropical and tropical agriculture, and has the potential to be a serious pest of glasshouse crops in. Spodoptera frugiperda laphfroverview eppo global database. Plant antibiosis was the major mechanism of resistance in these lines at both. Spodoptera frugiperda is a serious agricultural pest native to tropical and subtropical areas of the americas.
Insects free fulltext evidence of leaf consumption. Steps for the dissection of male spodoptera moths lepidoptera. It feeds on ali growth stages of maize but most frequently in the whorl of young plants up to 45 days old. This diverse host range is due in part to the presence of two genetically distinct subpopulation s, previousl y. Pm71241 spodoptera littoralis, spodoptera litura, spodoptera frugiperda, spodoptera eridania. This regulation establishes an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance for residues of spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus strain 3ap2 in or on all food commodities when used in accordance with label directions and good agricultural practices. Intraguild interactions and behavior of spodoptera frugiperda. The larvae, which are marked with a distinct inverted y on the front of the head, feed on a wide variety of plants, and are a particular problem in fall seeded alfalfa and wheat.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The pupa is reddish brown in color, and measures 14 to 18 mm in length and about 4. Pdf merge combinejoin pdf files online for free soda pdf. Noctuidae, is the most important noctuid pest in the americas and has recently become an invasive pest in africa. Spodoptera frugiperda is a polyphagous lepidopteran pest that encounters a wide range of toxic plant metabolites in its diet. Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest spodoptera frugiperda. Spodoptera litura is also known as the oriental leafworm moth, cluster caterpillar, cotton leafworm, tobacco cutworm, tropical armyworm, taro caterpillar, tobacco budworm, rice cutworm, and cotton cutworm. Sf9 cells, a clonal isolate of spodoptera frugiperda sf21 cells iplbsf21ae, are commonly used in insect cell culture for recombinant protein production using baculovirus. The following text summarizes the different perspectives of presenters participating in the section plant protection in the tropics and subtropics, 61st german congress of plant protection, held on september 11, 2018, university of hohenheim, germany. Smith, is a polyphagous migratory pest, which is endemic to the western hemisphere attacking more than 80 plant species including maize, sorghum, cotton, rice, millet, peanut, alfalfa, and other cultivated and wild plant species knipling 1980. Free web app to quickly and easily combine multiple files into one pdf online.
Among the most important are the spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus npv, and the fungi entomophaga aulicae, nomuraea rileyi, and erynia radicans. This document is eeny098, one of a series of the department of entomology and nematology, ufifas extension. Spodoptera frugiperda is the first host record for g. Learn how to combine files into a single pdf file using adobe acrobat dc. Pest categorisation of spodoptera frugiperda european food.
Effect of fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda lepidoptera. It is regarded as a pest and can damage and destroy a wide variety of crops, which causes large economic damage. Plastic universal moth traps unitraps of different colors were baited with commercial sex pheromone and were placed in peanut and corn. Commission implementing decision eu 20191598 of 26 september 2019 amending implementing decision eu 2018638 establishing emergency measures to prevent the introduction into and the spread within the union of the harmful organism spodoptera frugiperda smith notified under document c2019 6818. The purpose of this handout is to guide you in the dissection, screening, and identification of moths collected in spodoptera surveys. The species is highly polyphagous, with over 60 different host plants identi. Strategies for sustainable control of fall armyworm.
Scientific panel on plant health minutes of the preparatory. Spodoptera frugiperda, males and nontarget hymenoptera. This simple webbased tool lets you merge pdf files in batches. Intraguild interactions and behavior of spodoptera frugiperda and helicoverpa spp.
Challenges to control lepidopteran pests in a multicrop. Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal. Easepdfs online pdf merger can combine multiple pdf files into a single pdf in seconds. Fall armyworm moth spodoptera frugiperda j e smith, 1797. Early feeding can appear to be similar to other caterpillars. This preparation protected the conidia against uv radiation and killed 80% of s. New method for rearing spodoptera frugiperda in laboratory. Spodoptera frugiperda spodoptera frugiperda has some white and brown transverse lines and markings on the forewings but they are not as contrasting as in other spodoptera species. Pdf migration and life history strategy of the fall. Insecticide resistance in the fall armyworm, spodoptera.
Origin data is useful because this species does not naturally occur outside of the new world. This moth is found in asia, with some specific problematic pest population reports occurring in cambodia, hong kong, india, the pacific islands, guam, american. Mutational disruption of the abcc2 gene in fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda, confers resistance to the cry1fa and cry1a. Merge pdf combine more pdf files into one free online. Our pdf merger allows you to quickly combine multiple pdf files into one single pdf document, in just a few clicks. Numerous pathogens, including viruses, fungi, protozoa, nematodes, and a bacterium have been associated with fall armyworm gardner et al. Migration and life history strategy of the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda in the western hemisphere article pdf available in international journal of tropical insect science 8456. Jul 06, 2017 phytosanitary measures are available to impede entry via traded commodities. Fall armyworm food and agriculture organization of the.
Oct 10, 2016 the resistance of fall armyworm faw, spodoptera frugiperda, has been characterized to some cry and vip3a proteins of bacillus thuringiensis bt expressed in transgenic maize in brazil. Its main impact is on maize crops, which it attacks. Presently specimens collected on maize from the following locations constitute the first evidence for the occurrenceof the fall armyworm. Spodoptera species uk plant health information portal. We performed comparative genomics analysis based on the recently released chromosome. Its rapid spread, plus concerns about potential yield losses, have led to the search for sustainable management options. Since then, it has become a very destructive invasive pest in subsaharan africa. They were originally established from ovarian tissue. The wg meeting started by recapping the project scope, aims and activities and the. It has a broad host suitability range, disperses rapidly, and has now invaded nearly 100 countries around the world by quickly establishing in the novel ecologies. Restriction endonuclease analysis ren using six different. Combine pdfs in the order you want with the easiest pdf merger available. The genotypes is 40c, is 2553c, is 2569c, is 6911c, is 7498c, is 12219c, is 12617c, is 12662c, and is 12664c were more resistant than the resistant check to s.