The question required candidates to use the principle of tangency of arcs and lines. Principles of first and third angle orthographic projection 39 7. Technical drawing is an especially practical science. The fifteenth model of gieseckes technical drawing and engineering graphics is an entire introduction and detailed reference for creating 3d fashions and 2d documentation drawings. Technical drawing relies on a number of agreed assumptions. To acquire skills of making and understanding technical drawing which enables translation of ideas of a designer on paper into physical product and appliances. To join two parallel lines with two equal radii, the turn of which equals ths distance between the lineefig.
Growing on its standing as a trusted reference, this model expands on the place that. Now we move on to drawing a common internal tangent to two 2 unequal circles. Read a working or assembly drawing blueprint represent mechanical components in multiview orthographic representation create conceptual design sketches create assembly drawings limited. Lines on mechanical engineering drawings 1 scope this part of iso 128 specifies general rules and basic conventions for the types of lines on mechanical. To draw a tangent to a circle from a given point outside the circle. We will first explain the integration between drawings and the model. Constant curvature spacelike hypersurfaces in the lorentzminkowski space alias, luis j. Out of which first four types of lines are continues lines of both thick and thin. Pdf geometric and engineering drawing by ken morling book. From m and along mo, cut off with a divider equal divisions say three of any convenient length. This fourth edition of the text has been updated in line with recent standard revisions and amendments. Each example shows the method of obtaining the solution and includes additional explanatory notes. Technical drawing 412 preamble the west african senior school certificate examination in technical drawing covers all sections of the examination syllabus to ensure that the student is adequately equipped with the basic knowledge required for engineering and allied subjects at the post secondary school level. If a disc stands on its edge on a flat surface it will touch the surface at one point.
A compressed handbook designed for the students of engineering disciplines for learning the basics of engineering drawing. They also applied the principles of balloon references well. This is technically speaking a technical drawing but a naked one. Candidates, who scored poorly, produced ambiguous drawings and they were unable to apply the general principles.
Principles of dimensioning rules for the use of the dimension form. Technical drawing examination scheme there will be three papers, papers1, 2 and 3 all of which must be taken. Waec syllabus for technical drawing 20202021 waecnigeria. Technical drawing with engineering graphics 15th edition pdf. Plane geometry drawing tutorial article pdf available in dyna medellin, colombia 81188. Engineering drawing from first principles using autocad, revision and selfassessment series 1st edition by dennis e. It is important to stress that british and iso drawing standards are not produced for any particular draughting method. Then we will introduce general arrangement ga drawings and create an example drawing from. Technical drawing applications 65 candidates offering technical drawing are not eligible to offer technical drawing applications. Extension lines indicate the points between which the dimension figures apply. The first module, basic technical drawing, provides a background and introduction to the world of technical drawing. Tangency 4 geometric construction tangency 4 a copy the scaled drawing of a aluminium template drawn on the left. Technical drawing 4 40 marks and will last for 1 hour.
Principles of good dimensioning the overriding principle of dimensioning is clarity principles not an infallible rule set, need to apply good judgment. Some of the principles of technical drawing simply illustrated part 1 have a look at this drawing. Technical drawing tutorial 6 tangent drawings youtube. To develop competence among the students to pursue technical courses like engineering, architecture, draftsmanship surveying and other professional courses. A little arithmetic is required to determine the centre of the.
Drawing just like photography is one of the basic forms of visual communication. The 45 degree elbow from technical drawing tangency intro 1 a brief introduction to the principles of tangency. Draw an arc touching two circles from the outside duration. The di erence function u u 1 u 2 satis es a linear elliptic pde. Drawing is a form of visual art in which a person uses various drawing instruments or software to produce 2d or 3d objects. Open the compass at the given radius r, follow steps above.
Mechanical engineering drawing concordia university. Draw a line mo at any convenient angle preferably an acute angle from point m. Technical drawing scheme of examination there will be three papers, papers1, 2 and 3 all of which must be taken. Technical drawings general principles of presentation. Draw lines parallel to rn through the remaining points on line mo. Engineering drawing with worked examples 1 and 2 together provide a background course for technician students, but will be equally useful for any engineering drawing course. Engineering drawing with worked examples maurice arthur.
Principles involved in reducing and enlarging areas. Class ix there will be one written paper of three hours duration carrying 80 marks and internal assessment of 20 marks. They are needed in any setting, which involves design, and in any subsequent forms of conversion process. Section 2 specifies materials, sizes, and layout of drawing sheets. Principles of drawings 10 principles of working with drawings this chapter introduces the principles of working with drawings in tekla structures. Draw a circular arc of radius r tangent to two lines. Fundamentals of technical drawing technical drawing triangle. Tangents points t draw perpendicular line from center c to given lines. To apply the principles of tangency to drawing problems. A line drawn from the point of tangency to the centre of the disc is called a normal, and the tangent makes an. From a point a, drop a perpendicular to meet the centre line in o. It is a language of communication between architects and engineers, usually to convey information about the object. Further guidance on the production of accurate tangency drawings.
The new standard gives the designer a vastly increased number of tools at his disposal. My first introduction to the subject of technical drawing came at school, when at the age of 11, we started woodwork lessons. Principles of technical drawing giesecke, frederick e. Geometric and engineering drawing by ken morling pdf free download. In the classroom it is, therefore, necessary to enforce higher drawing standards to. Industrial engineering department 44 general guidelines. The manual of engineering drawing has long been the recognised as a guide for practicing and student engineers to producing engineering drawings and annotated 3d models that comply with the latest british and iso standards of technical product specifications and documentation this new edition has been updated to include the requirements of bs8888 2008 and. The most common applications of technical drawings can be found in the fields of manufacturing, engineering and construction. Manual of engineering drawing is a comprehensive guide for experts and novices for producing engineering drawings and annotated 3d models that meet the recent bsi and iso standards of technical product documentation and specifications.
Nov 10, 2019 today you and i will quickly take a look at the topic waec syllabus for technical drawing 20202021 download waec syllabus pdf 2020. They must apply the concept of tangency to the solution of technical problems. Application of technical drawing technical drawings are used in many different applications. Aug 18, 2019 engineering drawing from first principles using autocad, revision and selfassessment series 1st edition by dennis e. However, we at o3schools have prepared all that you need concerning the waec syllabus for technical drawing for 20202021 and all the guide you need to pass waec at once nevertheless, if you are among those that have been searching for answers to technical drawing waec 2020, waec syllabus 2020 pdf, 20202021 waec syllabus, technical drawing waec 2020, technical. A tangent is a line in the plane of a circle that intersects passes through the surface of a circle. Threedimensional illustrations using isometric and oblique projection 59 9. This book presents concise explanations of the subjects general principles and uses worked examples freely to expand the text. Type a to d continuous thick line a type is used for drawing visible outlines a1 and visible edges a2. The normalized mean curvature flow for a small bubble in a riemannian manifold alikakos, nicholas d. All the figures used conform to the recommendations of bs 308.
Show full abstract memory, measuring, budgets and technical drawings. The blending of lines and curves geometric drawing. This work sets out to learn and assess the use students make of the knowledge acquired in technical drawing subjects when. Download geometric and engineering drawing by ken morling the new edition of this successful text describes all the geometric instructions and engineering drawing information, likely to be needed by anyone preparing or interpreting drawings or designs. The intersection of these lines with line mn will divide the. Ten types of lines are used in general engineering drawing as per is. A brief introduction to the principles of tangency. Technical drawing syllabus 2 period complementary course. The definition a tangent is a straight line which touches a circle at the point of tangency without intersecting it. Ideation, conceptual proofing, technical dialogue all. Papers 1 and 2 will be a composite paper to be taken at one sitting. Written by members of bsi and iso committees and a former college lecturer, the manual of engineering drawing combines up to the minute technical information with clear, readable explanations and numerous diagrams and traditional geometrical construction techniques rarely.
This point is known as the point of tangency, as shown in fig. The two parallel lines intersect at c center of the arc. Pdf engineering drawing for beginners researchgate. A line drawn from the point of tangency to the centre of the disc is called a normal. Use geometry to reduce or enlarge a drawing or to change the proportions of. All dimensional information necessary to define a part clearly and completely shall be shown directly on a drawing. Each feature shall be dimensioned once only on a drawing. Mar 17, 2020 the designer uses circles end curves to smooth out and soften an outline modern machine shop processes like cold metal forming, and the increasing use of plastics and laminates, allow complex outlines to be manufactured as cheaply as simple ones, and the blending of lines and curves plays an increasingly important role in the draughtsmens world.
Draw an arc of radius 20 mm tangent to two given lines inclined at a 600, b 900, and c. Condition precedent an event that must happen before a contract or a contractual obligation goes into effect. Technical drawing syllabus rationale for teaching technical drawing it is generally recognised that technical drawing is the language of communication of technicalvocational occupations and as such, has widespread applications in the life of consumers. On the poles of riemannian manifolds of nonnegative curvature sugahara, kunio, 1993. Mar 16, 2020 if a disc stands on its edge on a flat surface it will touch the surface at one point. Pdf geometric and engineering drawing by ken morling. Technical drawing is concerned mainly with using lines, circles, arcs etc. Aug 23, 2012 a brief introduction to the principles of tangency. Other approaches are encouraged, such as problem solving in. Drawing is the art or technique of representing an object or outlining a figure, plan or sketch by means of lines.
This has become very necessary as several aspirants of the 20202021 waec examination have been trooping into our website for waec guide and asking us several other questions concerning the syllabus for waec technical drawing to help them prepare. Draw lines at distance equal to the radius of the arc parallel lines. This video teaches the methods of drawing tangents to a circle from a point outside of the circle and through a point on the. At the chosen point a we have tangency of the indifference curve and the budget constraint line figure 7, p x p y mrs mu x mu y, i. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. They are drawn perpendicular to the dimension lines, start with a visible gap 2 between. However, it is very important that the drawing produced to be accurate and clear. A point x is given outside the circle of any radius.
Tangents points t draw perpendicular line from center c. There are three more constructions that are included in the blending of lines and curves and these are shown below. Some of the principles of technical drawing simply. The following are the basic principles of dimensioning.
Objectives apply geometric construction as a problemsolving tool in technical drawing. There are also plenty of exercises to practise these principles. Engineering drawing from first principles using autocad. H is the point of tangency on the smaller circle draw a line through points g and h to get the required tangent. Engineering drawing from first principles using autocad, also published by butterworthheinemann. A drawing that displays technical information to the reader through specific visuals, directions, notes, etc a good technical drawing should be informative, clear, neat, unambiguous and not cluttered. Aug 15, 2000 abandoning the principles of engineering drawing in bs 308. The manual of engineering drawing has long been the recognised as a guide for practicing and student engineers to producing engineering drawings and annotated 3d models that comply with the latest british and iso standards of technical product specifications and documentation. Fundamentals of technical drawing technical drawing. All dimension, extension, and leader lines should be thin, sharp, dark lines. Technical drawings general principles of presentation part 24.
For some topics, where it would have been difficult to understand a solution given on a single drawing, the solution has been drawn in stepbystep form. These principles are applied through a variety of methods and strategies of teaching and learning, the use of differentiated teaching methods, and the use of a wide range. At the point of tangency any radius forms a right angle with a tangent. Engineering drawing from first principles using autocad 1st. Shall consist of 30 questions numbered 1 30 and will be on general principles, techniques, uses of plane and solid geometry. You must practice the method in order to commit it to memory and master constructing it neatly and quickly. Posted in design, drawing, technical drawing, visualization tagged arrangement of parts of a technical drawing, basic principles of technical drawing, coding drawings, conventions in technical drawing, designer draughting, drawing a theatre set, groundplan elevation and section, layout in a technical drawing, measured drawing, measured. Drawing is used to record objects and actions of everyday life in an easily recognizable manner.